MORGANOVA NAUČNA TEORIJA, NACIONALNA IDEOLOGIJA I POLITIKA SAVEZNE VLADE SAD PREMA INDIJANCIMA U XIX VEKU
Ključne reči:
L. H. Morgan, social evolutionism, savagery and civilization, the „cult of the Vanishing American“, Manifest Destiny, Indian tribalism, assimilation policyApstrakt
Luis Henri Morgan (1818–1881) je bio glavni predstavnik teorije o socio-kulturnoj evoluciji čovečanstva u severnoameričkoj etnologiji i najuticajniji etnolog u drugoj polovini XIX veka u SAD. Pod njegovim uticajem, etnografija se pojavila kao vitalno i uticajno polje istraživanja u američkoj nauci. Međutim, do početka XX veka, njegova naučna teorija bila je potpuno diskreditovana, denuncirana kao etnocentrična pa i implicitno rasistička. Doktrinu o biološkom, rasnom determinizmu, koja je bila dominantna u naučnoj misli tokom XIX veka, zamenile su doktrine o kulturnom relativizmu i istorijskom partikularizmu, koje je zastupala nova generacija akademskih antropologa predvođena Francom Boasom. O tome kako i zašto se to dogodilo govori ovaj osvrt i pregled.
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