ORIENTAL TIMES IN THE CULTURE OF REMEMBRANCE OF THE SEPHARDIM IN BELGRADE BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS

Authors

  • Ivana Vučina Simović Filološki fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu
  • Marija Mandić Balkanološki institut SANU

Keywords:

culture of remembrance, communicative and cultural memories, Jews (Sephardim, Ashkenazim), Jewish quarter (Jalija), Belgrade under the Ottoman rule

Abstract

After being exiled from the Iberian Peninsula (1492), large numbers of Sephardic Jews settled in the territories under the Ottoman rule, and in Belgrade after 1521, when it was conquered by the Ottomans. The administrative and political system of the Ottoman Empire made possible for the Belgrade Sephardim, as well as for other non-Muslims, to live piously and patriarchally in a separate city quarter (mahala) for centuries. They were tightly connected by family and business ties with other Sephardic communities all around the Empire, and only superficially to the members of the other ethno-confessional groups living in their immediate surroundings. The changes occurred only in the 19th century, after the modern Serbian nation-state was established, and the Belgrade Jewish community entered the process of an intensive modernization. In this article we analysed how oriental times and the Ottoman heritage were remembered in the texts describing the past of Belgrade Jews. The corpus consists of Jewish publications which appeared in Serbian language between the two World Wars. They testify to the specificity of the Jewish communicative and cultural memory which praise the position of the Jews under the Ottomans and the traditional way of life in piety and according to the patriarchal rules, but they also bear a resemblance to the discourses of the European and the Balkan orientalism, as well as of the modern Jewish authors.

References

Alkalaj, Aron. s.a. Život i običaji u nekadašnjoj Jevrejskoj mahali. Jevrejski almanah 1961–1962: 82 –97.

Alkalaj, Aron. 1933. Dr. Solomon Alkalaj. Godišnjak „La Benevolensije” i „Potpore”: 64–70.

Alkalaj, Aron. [1954]. Purim u Jevrejskoj mahali. Jevrejski almanah 1954: 146–152.

Alkalaj, dr David. 1925. Nova Sinagoga „Bet Israel”. Jevrejski almanah za godinu 5686 (1925–1926), I: 73–82.

Alkalaj, David. 1930. Sa Jalije. Židov XIV (38): 9–10.

Alkalaj, David A. 15.11.1925. Hajim Davičo, književnik sa Jalije. Gideon VI (4–5): 74–85.

Alkalaj, David A. 1933. Benko Davičo (1872–1913). Godišnjak „La Benevolensije” i „Potpore”: 59–64.

Alkalaj, David A. 1937–1938. Sefardska opština u Beogradu šezdesetih godina XIX veka. Jevrejski narodni kalendar III: 101–112.

Alkalaj, Isak. 1925. Jevrejske knjige štampane u Beogradu. Prilozi za kulturni život beogradskih Jevreja u prošlom veku. Jevrejski almanah za godinu 5686 (1925–1926) I: 132–144.

Alkalaj, Isak. 1927. Arhivska građa o Jevrejima u Srbiji. Jevrejski almanah za godinu 5688 (1927–1928) III: 21–44.

Assmann, Aleida. 2006. Der lange Schatten der Vergangenheit. Erinnerungskultur und Geschichtspolitik. München: C. H. Beck.

Assmann, Aleida. 2013. Das neue Unbehagen an der Erinnerungskultur. Eine Intervention. München: C. H. Beck.

Assmann, Jan. 2011. Cultural Memory and Early Civilization. Writing, Remembrance, and Po litical Imagination. Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press.

Assmann, Jan. 2013. „Communicative and Cultural Memory”. In Loci Memoriae Hungaricae: The theoretical foundations of Hungarian ‘lieux de mémoire’ studies 1, eds. Pál S. Varga et al, 36–43. Debrecen: Debrecen University Press.

Bakic-Hayden, Milica. 1995. Nesting Orientalisms: The Case of Former Yugoslavia. Slavic Review 54 (4): 917–931.

Benbassa, Esther, Aron Rodrigue. 2004. Historia de los judíos sefardíes. De Toledo a Salónica, traducción de José Luis Sánchez-Silva. Madrid: Abada.

Bunis, David. 2010. „Echoes of Yiddishism in Judezmism”. In Jews and Slavs 22, ed. Wolf Moskovich, 232–250. Jerusalem, Kyiv: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Cvijić, Jovan. 1922. Balkansko poluostrvo i južnoslovenske zemlje: osnove antropogeografije, prev. B. Drobnjaković. Beograd: Državna štamparija Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca.

Demajo, Jelena. 1924. „Kulturni razvitak jevrejske žene u Srbiji”. U Jevrejsko žensko društvo u Beogradu 1874–1924. Na dan pedesetgodišnjice od osnivanja, 50–61. Beograd: Izdanje Uprave Jevrejskog ženskog društva.

Demajo, Samuilo. 1938–1939. Sećanja na Jaliju. Jevrejski narodni kalendar IV: 49–55.

Đorđević, Tihomir R. 1923. Jevreji u Srbiji za vreme prve vlade kneza Miloša (1815–1839). Godišnjica Nikole Čupića XXXV: 202–211.

Đorđević, Tihomir R. 1926. „Predgovor”. U Jevreji u Beogradu, Ignjat Šlang, ix-xii. Beograd: Štamparija M. Karića.

Đurić-Zamolo, Divna. 1977. Beograd kao orijentalna varoš pod Turcima: 1521–1867: arhitektonsko-urbanistička studija. Beograd: Muzej grada Beograda.

Elezović, Gliša. 1935. Turski spomenici u Vojvodini. Glasnik Istoriskog društva u Novom Sadu 8, 3 (22): 464–466.

Erll, Astrid. 2008. „Cultural Memory Studies: An Introduction”. In Cultural Memory Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary Handbook, eds. Sara Young et al., 1–15. Berlin: De Gruyter.

Filipović, Jelena. 2015. Transdisciplinary approach to language study: The complexity theory perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Filipović, Jelena. 2018. Moć reči. Ogledi iz kritičke sociolingvistike, 2. dopunjeno i prošireno izdanje. Beograd: Zadužbina Andrejević.

Fotić, Aleksandar. 2005. „Belgrade: A Muslim and non-Muslim cultural center (sixteenth – seventeenth centuries)”. U Provincial elites in the Ottoman Empire, Halcyon Days in Crete V, A Symposium held in Rethymno 10–12 January 2003, ed. Antonis Anastasopoulos, 51–75. Rethymno: Crete University Press.

Freidenreich, Harriet Pass. 2001 [1979]. The Jews of Yugoslavia. A Quest for Community. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America.

Hobsbawm, Eric, Terence Ranger (ur.) 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cam bridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hrabak, Bogumil. 2009. Jevreji u Beogradu do sticanja ravnopravnosti (1878). Beograd: SGC.

Ilić [Mandić], Marija. 2014. Discourse and Ethnic Identity. The Case of the Serbs from Hungary. München, Berlin, Washington DC: Verlag Otto Sagner.

Jevrejsko žensko društvo. 1924. „Kratka istorija Jevrejskog Ženskog Društva”. U Jevrejsko žensko društvo u Beogradu 1874–1924. Na dan pedesetgodišnjice od osnivanja, 7–28. Beograd: Izdanje Uprave Jevrejskog ženskog društva.

Jovanović, Željko. 2014. Haim Davičo’s Text Ženske Šale (Women’s Jokes): A Sephardic Folktale or a Serbian Translation of Tirso de Molina’s Los tres maridos burlados?. Bulletin of Spanish Studies: Hispanic Studies and Researches on Spain, Portugal and Latin America 91, 7: 981–1002.

Kalderon, Solomon. 1933. Istorija jevrejskog naroda, I Od prvog hrama do izgona Jevreja sa Pirinejskog poluostrva, Po Kajzerlingu – biahu preveo i dopunio Solomon Kalderon, profesor. Beograd: Savez jevrejskih opština.

Kalderon, Solomon i Juda Levi. 1935. Istorija jevrejskog naroda II: Od izgona Jevreja sa Pirinejskog poluostrva do najnovijeg vremena. Beograd: Savez jevrejskih veroispovednih opština Kraljevine Jugoslavije.

Kuljić, Todor. 2006. Kultura sećanja. Teorijska objašnjenja upotrebe prošlosti. Beograd: Čigoja.

Lebl, Ženi. 2001. Do „konačnog rešenja”: Jevreji u Beogradu 1521–1942. Beograd: Čigoja.

Lebl-Albala, Paulina. 1933. Udeo jugoslavenskih Jevreja u izgradnji duhovne kulture. Godišnjak „La Benevolensije” i „Potpore”: 137–141.

Levi, Moric. 1924. „Fragmenti iz života Sefarda”. U Spomenica o proslavi tridesetogodišnjice jevrejskog kulturno-potpornog društva „La Benevolencija” u Sarajevu maja 1924, ur. Stanislav Vinaver, 16–24. Beograd: Štamparija i cinkografija „Vreme”.

Mandić, Marija. 2020. „The Serbian Proverb Poturica gori od Turčina (A Turk-convert is Worse Than a Turk): Stigmatizer and Figure of Speech”. In Imagining Bosnian Muslims in Central Europe: Representations, Transfers and Exchanges, ed. Frantisek Sistek. New York: Berghahn Books. (u štampi)

Manojlović Pintar, Olga. 2014. Arheologija sećanja. Spomenici i identiteti u Srbiji 1918– 1989. Beograd: Udruženje za društvenu istoriju, Čigoja.

Margulis, Raf. 1933. Istorija dobrotvornog društva Potpora. Godišnjak „La Benevolensije” i „Potpore”: 33–48.

Masters, Bruce. 2001. Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Meyuhas Ginio, Alisa. 2014. Between Sepharad and Jerusalem: History, identity and memory of the Sephardim. Leiden, Boston: Brill.

Mišković, Nataša. 2010. Bazari i bulevari: Svet života u Beogradu 19. veka. Beograd: Muzej grada Beograda.

Mošić, Solomon L. 1933. Pod zaštitom Crkveno-školske jevrejske opštine Srpsko-jevrejsko pevačko društvo 1879–1929. Spomenica 50 godišnjice proslavljene 7 i 8 aprila 1933 g. u Beogradu. Beograd: „Polet” Judić.

Nezirović, Muhamed. 1992. Jevrejsko-španjolska književnost. Sarajevo: Svjetlost.

Nora, Pierre. 1989. Between memory and history. Les Lieux de Mémoire. Rep resentations 26: 7–25.

Papo Bohoreta, Laura. 2005 [1931]. Sefardska žena u Bosni. Sarajevo: Connectum.

Penny, Ralph. 1993. Gramática histórica del español. Barcelona: Ariel.

Pijade, Bukić. 1933a. Svetla imena. Godišnjak „La Benevolensije” i „Potpore”: 57–59.

Pijade, Bukić. 1933b. Šemaja Demajo. Godišnjak „La Benevolensije” i „Potpore”: 75–80.

Pijade, Bukić. 1938–1939. Iz nedavne prošlosti jevrejske sefardske opštine u Beogradu. Jevrejski narodni kalendar IV: 33–48.

Prole, Dragan. 2013. „Kultura sećanja na tursku vladavinu u Srbiji”. U Šesti međunarodni interdisciplinarni simpozijum Susret kultura, knj. 2, ur. Ivana Živančević Sekeruš, 995–1003. Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.

Rozen, Minna. 2006. „The Ottoman Jews”. In The Cambridge History of Turkey. The Latter Ottoman Empire 1603–1839, ed. Suraiya Faroqhi, 256–271. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Said, Edward W. 1994 [1979]. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.

Spomenica gospođe Estire Š. Ruso, učiteljice, na dan proslave 32 godine prosvetnog, nacionalnog i humanog rada, 1. juna 1924. godine. Beograd: Štamparija M. Karića.

Šlang, Ignjat. 1926. Jevreji u Beogradu. Beograd: Štamparija M. Karića.

Šlang, Ignjat. 1933. Dva rabina mučenika u istoriskom Beogradu. Godišnjak „La Benevolensije” i „Potpore”: 100–105.

Todorova, Maria. 1996. „The Ottoman legacy in the Balkans”. In Imperial legacy: the Ottoman imprint on the Balkans and the Middle East, ed. L. Carl Brown, 45–77. New York: Columbia University Press.

Tsitsipis, Lukas. 1998. A Linguistic Anthropology of Praxis and Language Shift: Arvanítika Albanian) and Greek in Contact. New York: Oxford University Press; Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Vajs, Albert. 15.01.1941. Sefardi i Aškenazi. Glasnik Jevrejske aškenaske veoispovedne opštine 1: 4–6.

van Dijk, Teun. 2015. „Critical discourse analysis”. In The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, vol. 1, eds. Deborah Tannen et al., 466–485. 2nd ed. Malden, Oxford, Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Vidaković-Petrov, Krinka. 2010. „Identity and Memory in the Works of Haim S. Davicho”. In Los sefardíes ante los retos del mundo contemporáneo. Identidad y mentalidades, eds. Paloma Díaz-Mas y María Sánchez Pérez, 307–316. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).

Vidaković-Petrov, Krinka. 2014. „From Sephardic traditional to modern Serbian/Yugoslav literature”. In Around the Point: Studies in Jewish Literature and Culture in Multiple Languages, eds. Hillel Weiss et al., 434–452. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Vučina Simović, Ivana. 2015a. Život i delo Hajima S. Daviča (1854–1918) između slave i zaborava. Nasleđe: časopis za književnost, umetnost i kulturu 31: 109–121.

Vučina Simović, Ivana. 2015b. La labor política, cultural e ideologías de Haim S. Davicho de Belgrado: Entre judaísmo familiar y patriotismo serbio. Lipar: časopis za književnost, jezik, umetnost i kulturu 58: 61–77.

Vučina Simović, Ivana. 2016. Jevrejsko-španski jezik na Balkanu: Prilozi istorijskoj sociolingvistici. Kragujevac: Filološko-umetnički fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu.

Vučina Simović, Ivana i Jelena Filipović. 2009. Etnički identitet i zamena jezika u sefardskoj zajednici u Beogradu. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike.

Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1996. Social memories. Steps to a sociology of the past. Qual itative Sociology 19 (6): 283–300.

Published

2019-12-30

How to Cite

Vučina Simović, I., & Mandić, M. (2019). ORIENTAL TIMES IN THE CULTURE OF REMEMBRANCE OF THE SEPHARDIM IN BELGRADE BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS. Anthropology, 19(3), 113–143. Retrieved from https://www.antropologija.com/index.php/an/article/view/68

Issue

Section

Original scientific paper

Most read articles by the same author(s)