Anthropological study of the cultures of the Old World from the Neolithic to the end of the ancient century: sources and theoretical perspectives
Keywords:
Old World, civilization, prehistoric cultures, NeolithicAbstract
The subject of the paper is a theoretical and methodological introduction to the anthropological sub-discipline of Anthropology of the Old World. The paper presents the dual meanings of the term „Old World” and the ways in which these terms can be used during research. The paper raises the questions of how early anthropologists approached the study of Old World civilizations, how modern theoretical perspectives can be applied to the study of ancient civilizations and prehistoric cultures from which civilizations originated, as well as what are the methodological problems and ways to overcome these methodological problems. in the study of the Old World. The term „Old World” is primarily used as an analytical term when studying cultures and civilizations from the Neolithic, as the roots of civilization in the Levant, to the end of the Old Age and the last ancient civilizations. The research presents examples of contemporary archaeological and anthropological studies that apply social theories, as well as multidisciplinarity and cooperation between several sciences in order to collect „ethnographic material” on extinct cultures and thus complement the methodological framework for studying the distant past.
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