EARTH TRECKS OF THE ENTERPRISE: SCIENCE AND SCIENCE FICTION
Keywords:
science fiction, science, fantasy, fact, Star TrekAbstract
This paper is attempting to offer an understanding of relationship between science and science fiction, primary based on the Star Trecks production on television and in films.
Firstly, there is an outline of almost complete science and technology in twenty forth century "extraordinary new worlds", then, it shows the reaction of contemporary scientific community to this virtual projection of the future. And, the last part of the paper suggests the link of science fiction and science where they permeate each other without stopping at inspirational prophesy of the former to the later. It shows the integration of science fiction vision into cognitive protocol of the science itself.
References
Abrams, Jerold J. 2008. "The Dialectic of Enlightenment in Metropolis". In The Philosophy of Science Fiction Film, ed. Steven M. Sanders, 153-170. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
Andreadis, Athena. 1998. To Seek Out New Life: The Biology of Star Trek. New York: Crown.
Anijar, Karen. 2000. Teaching Toward the 24th Century: Star Trek as Social Curriculum. New York: Falmer Press.
Armstrong, K. F. & S. L. Ball. 2005. DNA barcodes for biosecurity: invasive species identification. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 360 (1462): 1813-1823.
Atkin, Denny. 1995. The Science Of Star Trek. Omni 17 (8): 46-53.
Beer, Gillian. 2000. Darwin’s Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot, and Nineteenth-Century Fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Biagioli, Mario and Peter Galison (ed.) 2003. Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science. New York: Routledge.
Bixler, Andrea. 2007. Teaching Evolution with the Aid of Science Fiction. The American Biology Teacher 69 (6): 337-340.
Blaxter, M. 2003. Counting angels with DNA. Nature 421: 122-124.
Bloom, Harold. 1997. The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bly, Robert W. 2005. The Science in Science Fiction: Eighty-three SF Predictions That Became Scientific Reality. Dallas: BenBella.
Bocking, S. 2004. Nature's experts: science, politics, and the environment. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
BOLD Systems (2006). Barcode of Life Data Systems: advancing species identification and discovery through the analysis of short, standardized gene regions. (internet) dostupno na: (pristupljeno 7. marta 2011).
Borges, Jorge Luis. 1998. The Library of Babel. In Jorge Luis Borges. Fictions, 72-80. London: Calder.
Bormanis, Andre. Trek Interviews: Andre Bormanis. 29. jun 2011. Treknobabble. (internet) dosutpno na: http://www.treknobabble.net/2011/06/trek-intervi ews-andre-bormanis.html (pristupljeno 7. marta 2012).
Bowker G. C. and S. L. Star. 1999. Sorting things out: classification and its consequences, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Brake, Mark L. and Neil Hook. 2008. Different Engines: How Science Drives Fiction and Fiction Drives Science. London: Macmillan.
Brandt, Helga, Frauke Schindel und Jens Wellhöner. 2003. Indiana Jones im Weltraum? Das Bild der Archäologie in Star Trek. In Faszinierend!: Star Trek und die Wissenschaften, Bd. 2, hrsg. Nina Rogotzki, Thomas Richter, Helga Brandt et al., 139-164. Kiel: Ludwig Verlag.
Cameron, Stephen, Daniel Rubinoff and Kipling Will. 2006. "Who Will Actually Use DNA Barcoding and What Will It Cost?. Systematic Biology 55 (5): 844-847.
Cognato, A. I., R. M. Caesar, M. Blaxter, and A. P. Vogler. 2006. Will DNA barcoding advance efforts to conserve biodiversity more efficiently than traditional taxonomic methods?. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4: 268-273.
Cox, Mitch. 1990. Engendering Critical Literacy through Science Fiction and Fantasy. The English Journal 79 (3): 35-38.
Cracraft, J. & M. J. Donoghue (ed.) 2004. Assembling the tree of life. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cranston, P. S. 2005. Ancient and modern? Toolboxes for e-bugs. Systematic Biology 30: 183-185.
DeSalle, R., M. G. Egan & M. Siddall. 2005. The unholy trinity: taxonomy, species delimitation and DNA barcoding. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 360 (1462): 1905-1916.
Disch, Thomas M. 1998. The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of: How Science Fiction Conquered the World. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Drum, Ryan W. and Richard Gordon. 2003. Star Trek replicators and diatom nanotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology 21 (8): 325-328.
Dubeck, Leroy W. and Rose Tatlow. 1998. Using Star Trek: The Next Generation Television Episodes to Teach Science. Journal of College Science Teaching 27 (5): 319-323.
Dunn, C. P. 2003. Keeping taxonomy based in morphology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18: 270-271.
Dyson, Freeman. 1997. Imagined Worlds. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Ebach, M. C. & C. Holdrege. 2005a. DNA barcoding is no substitute for taxonomy. Nature 434: 697.
Ebach, M. C. and C. Holdrege. 2005b. More taxonomy, not DNA bar coding. BioScience 55: 822-823.
Fitzhugh, K. 2006. DNA barcoding: an instance of technology-driven science?. BioScience 56: 462-463.
Gannon, Charles E. 2000. American Dreams and Edwardian Aspirations: Technological Innovation and Temporal Uncertainty in Narratives of Expectation. In ", u Histories of the Future: Studies in Fact, Fantasy and Science Fiction, ed. Alan Sandison and Robert Dingley, 91-111. New York: Palgrave.
Geraghty, Lincoln. 2000. "Carved from the rock experiences of our daily lives": Reality and Star Trek’s Multiple Histories. European Journal of American Culture 21 (3): 160-176.
Gernsback, Hugo. 1930. Science Fiction Week. Science Wonder Stories 1: 1061.
Gerrold, David. 1996. The World of Star Trek: The Inside Stroy of TV’s Most Popular Series. London: Virgin Books.
Gregory, T. R. 2005. DNA barcoding does not compete with taxonomy. Nature 434: 1067.
Gresh, Lois H. and Robert Weinberg. 2001. Computers of Star Trek. New York: Basic Books.
Haddad, Khristina. 2005. What Do You Desire? What Do You Fear? Theorize It! Teaching Political Theory through Utopian Writing. PS: Political Science and Politics 38 (3): 399-405.
Hajibabaei, M., J. R. De Waard, N. V. Ivanova, S. Ratsasingham, R. T. Dooh, S. L. Kirk, P. M. Mackie, and P. D. N. Hebert. 2005. Critical factors for assembling a high volume of DNA barcodes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 360: 1959-1967.
Hawking, Stephen William. 1995. Introduction. In Lawrence Maxwell Krauss. The Physics of Star Trek, 5-6. New York: Basic Books.
Haynes, Roslynn D. 2000. Celluloid Scientists: Futures Visualised. In Histories of the Future: Studies in Fact, Fantasy and Science Fiction, ed. Alan Sandison and Robert Dingley, 34-50. New York: Palgrave.
Hebert, P. D. N., A. Cywinska, S. L. Ball, and J. R. deWaard. 2003. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 270: 313-322.
Hebert, P. D. N., and T. R. Gregory. 2005. The promise of DNA barcoding for taxonomy. Systematic Biology 54: 852-859.
Hebert, Paul D. N. and Barrett, Rowan D. H. 2005. Reply to the comment by L. Prendini on "Identifying spiders through DNA barcodes". Canadian Journal of Zoology 83: 505-506.
Holloway M. 2006. Democratizing taxonomy. Conservation in Practice 7: 14-21.
Hughes, James J. and John Lantos. 2001. Medical Ethics Through The Star Trek Lens. Literature and Medicine 20 (1): 26-38.
Janzen, D. H. 2004. Now is the time. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 359: 731- 732.
Jenkins, Henry. 1992. Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture. New York: Routledge.
Jenkins, Robert and Susan Jenkins. 1999. The Biology of Star Trek. New York: HarperPerennial.
Jindra, Michael. 2000. "It’s About Faith in our Future": Star Trek Fandom as Cultural Religion. In Religion and Popular Culture in America, ed. Bruce David Forbes and Jeffrey H. Mahan, 165-179. Berkeley, CA: University of Califonria Press.
Jones, Gwyneth. 1999. Deconstructing the Starships: Science, Fiction, and Reality. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
Joy, Bill. 2000. Technology and Humanity Reach a Crossroads. Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 53 (5): 25-27.
Kaku, Michio. 2009. Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel. New York: Anchor.
Kay, L. E. 1996. Life as technology: representing, intervening, and molecularizing. In The philosophy and history of molecular biology: new perspectives, ed. S. Sarkar, 87-100. Boston, MA: Kluwer.
Kevles, D. and L. Hood (ed.) 1993. The code of codes: scientific and social issues in the human genome project. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Krauss, Lawrence. 2009. Live long and prosper. New Scientist 202 (2712): 22.
Krauss, Lawrence Maxwell. 1995. The Physics of Star Trek. New York: Basic Books.
Krauss, Lawrence Maxwell. 1997. Beyond Star Trek: From Alien Invasions to the End of Time. New York: Basic Books.
Krauss, Lawrence Maxwell. 1999. Beyond Star Trek: The Physics of Star Trek, the X-files, Star Wars, and Independence Day. New York: HarperPerennial.
Lambert, D. M., A. Baker, L. Huynen, O. Haddrath, P. D. N. Hebert & C. D. Millar. 2005. Is a large-scale DNA-based inventory of ancient life possible?. Journal of Heredity 96 (3): 279-284.
Larson, Brendon M. H. 2007. DNA Barcoding: The Social Frontier. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5 (8): 437-442.
Latour, Bruno and Steve Woolgar. 1986. Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Lipscomb, D., N. Platnick & Q. Wheeler. 2003. The intellectual content of taxonomy: a comment on DNA taxonomy. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18: 65-66.
MacKenzie, Ann Haley. 2006. Learning Cycle: What Is the Biological Definition of Life?. The American Biology Teacher 68 (6): 330-331.
Marinaccio, Dave. 1994. All I Really Need to Know I Learned from Watching Star Trek. New York: Crown.
Marshall, E. 2005. Will DNA bar codes breathe life into classication?. Science 307: 1037.
Matos, Tonatiuh. 2007. Wormholes, Startrek: Reality and Science Fiction. In Advanced Sommer School in Physics 2006, ed. O. Miranda, M. Carbajal, L. M. Montaño, O. Rosas-Ortiz, and S. A. Tomas, 49-58. Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics.
May, R. M. 2004. Tomorrow's taxonomy: Collecting new species in the field will remain the rate-limiting step. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 359 (1444): 733-734.
McMahon, Jennifer L. 2008. . In The Philosophy of Science Fiction Film, ed. Steven M. Sanders, 73-89. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
Mellor, Felicity. 2003. Between Fact and Fiction: Demarcating Science from Non-Science in Popular Physics. Social Studies of Science 33 (4): 509-538.
Milburn, Colin. 2010. Modifiable Futures: Science Fiction at the Bench. Isis 101 (3): 560-569.
Moritz, C. and C. Cicero. 2004. DNA barcoding: Promise and pitfalls. PLoS Biology 2: 1529-1531.
Nabhan, G. P. and S. St. Antoine. 1995. The loss of floral and faunal story: the extinction of experience. In The biophilia hypothesis, ed. S. R. Kellert and E. O. Wilson, Washington, DC: Island Press.
Nightingale, P. and P. Martin. 2004. The myth of the biotech revolution. Trends in Biotechnology 22: 564-569.
Okuda, Mike and Denise Okuda. 1993. Star Trek Chronology: A History of the Future. New York: Pocket Books.
Okuda, Mike, Denise Okuda, and Debbie Mirek. 1997. The Star Trek Encyclopedia: A Reference Guide to the Future. New York: Pocket Books.
Pennisi, E. 2003. Modernizing the tree of life. Science 300: 1692-1697.
Petit, Charles, Cary Wolinsky and Rick Kyle. 2009. Invisibility Uncloaked: In Race to Make Things Disappear, Scientists Gain Ground on Science Fiction. Science News 176 (11): 18-23.
Pincus, Richard Eliot. 1975. Books for Young Adults: Science Friction. The English Journal 64 (8): 80-83.
Roberts, Wess and Bill Ross. 1995. Star Trek: Make It So: Leadership Lessons from Star Trek: The Next Generation. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Rubinoff, D. 2006. Utility of mitochondrial DNA barcodes in species conservation". Conservation Biology 20: 1026-1033.
Sarewitz, D. R. 1996. Frontiers of illusion: science, technology, and the politics of progress. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Savolainen, V. & G. Reeves. 2004. A plea for DNA banking. Science 304: 1445.
Savolainen, Vincent, Robyn S. Cowan, Alfried P. Vogler, George K. Roderick and Richard Lane. 2005. Towards Writing the Encyclopaedia of Life: An Introduction to DNA Barcoding. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 360 (1462): 1805-1811.
Schindel, D. E. and S. E. Miller. 2005. DNA barcoding a useful tool for taxonomists. Nature 435: 17.
Schneider, David. 2005. To Boldly Go (Again): Two devices now under development evoke the fictional technology of Star Trek". American Scientist 93 (4): 312-313.
Shatner, William and Chip Walter. 2002. I'm Working on That: A Trek From Science Fiction to Science Fact. New York: Pocket Books.
Sivitz, Laura B. 2001. Beyond Imaging. Science News 159 (1): 12-13.
Smith, David R. 2006. Blueprint for Invisibility: The Science Fact and Fiction of Invisibility. Research Group of David R. Smith. (internet) dostupno na: (pristupljeno 1. marta 2012).
Smith, Vincent S. 2005. DNA barcoding: Perspectives from a "Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy" (PEET) Debate. Systematic Biology 54 (5): 841-844.
Sontag, Susan. 1966. The imagination of disaster. In Susan Sontag, Against Interpretation and Other Essays, 209-225. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Sternbach, Rick and Michael Okuda. 1991. Star trek, the next generation: technical manual. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Stevenson, Robert Louis. [1886] 1989. The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde". In The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson, 643-687. London: Spring Books.
Stoeckle, M. 2003. Taxonomy, DNA, and the bar code of life. BioScience 53: 796-797.
Summerbell, R. C., C. A. Lévesque, K. A. Seifert, M. Bovers, J. W. Fell, M. R. Diaz, T. Boekhout, G. S. de Hoog, J. Stalpers and P. W. Crous. 2005. Microcoding: the second step in DNA barcoding. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 360 (1462): 1897-1903.
Suvin, Darko. 1979. Metamorphoses of Science Fiction: On the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.
Tautz, D., P. Arctander, A. Minelli, R. H. Thomas & A. P. Vogler. 2002. DNA points the way ahead in taxonomy – in assessing new approaches, it's time for DNA's unique contribution to take a central role. Nature 418: 479.
Tautz, D., P. Arctander, A. Minelli, R. H. Thomas & A. P. Vogler. 2003. A plea for DNA taxonomy. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18: 70-74.
Toumey, Christopher P. 1992. The Moral Character of Mad Scientists: A Cultural Critique of Science. Science, Technology, & Human Values 17 (4): 411-437. Vaidman, Lev. 1994. On the Paradoxical Aspects of New Quantum Experiments.
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1: 211-217.
Watson, Andrew. 1997. Teleportation Beams Up a Photon's State. Science 278 (5345): 1881-1882.
Wheeler, Q. D. 2004. Taxonomic triage and the poverty of phylogeny. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 359: 571-583.
Woodmansee, Martha and Peter Jaszi (ed.) 1994. The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

ERIH PLUS - European Reference Index for the Humanities
CEEOL - Central and Eastern European Online Library
The DOI Foundation