FEMINISTIČKA RAZUMEVANJA SUROGAT MATERINSTVA

Autori

  • Jelena Riznić Univerzitet u Beogradu – Filozofski fakultet

Ključne reči:

surogat materinstvo, eksploatacija, izbor, roditeljstvo, patrijarhat

Apstrakt

Poput prostitucije i pornografije, i surogat materinstvo je pitanje koje deli feministički pokret. Liberalni feminizam koji podržava surogat materinstvo naglašava, pre svega, pitanje izbora. Prema ovoj koncepciji, žena može da izabere da li će roditi dete za nekoga, a u skladu sa zakonskom regulacijom surogatstva, ona za to može dobiti određenu novčanu nadoknadu (Sistare 1988, Lewis 2019 i drugi). Sa druge strane, radikalne i jedan deo levo orijentisanih feministkinja u obzir uzimaju ne samo izbore već i materijalne uslove koji ih uslovljavaju i/ili ograničavaju. Zbog toga Renate Klein, feministkinja koja je protiv surogat materinstva, ovo naziva reproduktivnom prostitucijom (Klein 2017). Međutim, ovo nije univerzalno stanovište za sve levo orijentisane feministkinje – neke od njih surogatstvo vide kao rad koji je potrebno zakonski regulisati, a „surogat majke” kao radnice čija prava treba unaprediti (Lewis 2019). Moja osnovna teza je da je surogat materinstvo ne samo bazično eksploatatorska praksa koja najviše pogađa žene iz najsiromašnijih i marginalizovanih društvenih grupa već i da je povezana sa drugim oblicima prisvajanja i kontrole ženske reproduktivnosti, te sa ugrožavanjem prava na
telesnu autonomiju kroz stvaranje legislativnih okvira koji, svedeni na nivo društvene realnosti, znače vlasnički odnos prema ženskom telu. Drugim rečima, surogat materinstvo bih posmatrala u kontekstu jačanja desničarskih snaga u Evropi i svetu koje ukidaju i/ili ograničavaju već izborena ženska prava, poput prava na abortus, a koje se takođe
pozivaju na slične vrednosti koje zagovaraju feministkinje koje se zalažu za legalizaciju surogat materinstva, poput prava na biološko roditeljstvo ili prava embriona

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30.06.2020

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