ARHEOLOGIJA KAO PLURALNA NAUKA: TRANSDISCIPLINARNOST, MULTISKALARNOST I PROIZVODNJA ARHEOLOŠKOG ZNANJA
Ključne reči:
arheologija, transdisciplinarnost, multiskalarnost, epistemologija, proizvodnja znanja, razmena ideja, Treća naučna revolucijaApstrakt
U radu se razmatraju savremene epistemološke tendencije u evropskoj arheologiji, sa posebnim fokusom na transdisciplinarnost i multiskalarnost kao dominantne istraživačke okvire u prvoj četvrtini 21. veka. Polazeći od rasprava o tzv. Trećoj naučnoj revoluciji u arheologiji, kritički se preispituju odnosi između prirodnih nauka, društvenih nauka i humanistike, posledice novonastalih istraživanja velikog obima po razumevanje arheoloških podataka, interpretaciju materijalne kulture i ulogu teorije u proizvodnji znanja o prošlosti. Posebna pažnja posvećena je problemu metodološke hijerarhije i rastućem oslanjanju na prirodno-naučne tehnike, poput analiza drevne DNK, koje se često predstavljaju kao panacea za kompleksna pitanja prošlosti. Rad ukazuje na ograničenja takvih pristupa i na rizike epistemološkog redukcionizma, naročito u kontekstima gde se kompleksnadruštvena pitanja svode na kvantifikovane i dekontekstualizovane podatke. U tom smislu razmatra se i razlika između podataka i znanja, kao i potreba za njihovom teorijskom, istorijskom i kontekstualnom interpretacijom. Kao okidač za ovu diskusiju koristi se ERC projekat „Unde venis?” Unravelling the Enigma of the Stećci Tombstones (STONE), koji je otvorio polje za raspravu potencijala i izazova transdisciplinarnih i multiskalarnih pristupa u postkonfliktnom i perifernom istraživačkom kontekstu Zapadnog Balkana. Rad zagovara razumevanje arheologije kao metodološki pluralne discipline, u kojoj se prirodno-naučni, društveni i humanistički pristupi ne suprotstavljaju, već povezuju oko istraživačkih pitanja. Zaključno se ističe da transdisciplinarnost i multiskalarnost mogu doprineti etički odgovornijoj i
epistemološki refleksivnijoj arheologiji samo ukoliko su praćene jasnim teorijskim utemeljenjem i kritičkim promišljanjem sopstvenih ograničenja.
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