RUTH BENEDICT O KULTURI JAPANA
Apstrakt
Tekst se bavi problemom konstrukcije znanja u antropologiji, kroz analizu japanske kulture datu u delu "Hrizantema i mač" Ruth Benedict. Ovo delo, nastalo pod kraj II svetskog rata, završeno neposredno pre bacanja atomskih bombi na Hirošimu i Nagasaki, predstavlja istraživanje sprovedeno u veoma kratkom vremenskom periodu po narudžbi Američkog ratnog informacionog biroa. "Hrazantema i mač" je nakon rata čitana više u samom Japanu, dok je u Americi ostala poznata uglavnom u antropološkim krugovima i to ne kao njeno glavno delo. Pokrenuvši mnoge kontroverze o imperijalizmu u konstrukciji antropološkog znanja, mnogo pre uvođenja pojma orijentalizma i proliferacije literature koja se na odnosi na orijentalizam i postkolonijalne studije, ovo delo je takođe iniciralo i krajnje interesantne i japanaloški specifične rasprave o upotrebljivosti pojma nacionalnog karaktera stavljajuči ga u sasvim drugi kontekst u odnosu na evropsku tradiciju. U metodološkom pogledu, pitanje o (ne)primenljivosti modela kulturoloških obrazaca dovelo je do preispitivanja celokupnog opusa Ruth Benedict, do otkrivanja novih elemenata u njenom pristupu, otvarajuči nove mogučnosti da se taj model sagleda iz perspektive akcionog konstrukcionističkog "pristupa, izmeštajući ga iz domena esencijalističkih razmatranja o kulturi.
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